Percepciones de proveedores de servicios de salud sobre la salud sexual de los adultos mayores en Colombia

Introducción: La sexualidad y la salud sexual de las personas adultas mayores es una dimensión invisible en la prestación de los servicios de salud. Debido a esto, es importante conocer las percepciones y dificultades del personal de salud para brindar esta atención. Objetivo: Identificar diferencias y similitudes en la percepción que tienen los proveedores de servicios de salud en Colombia sobre la sexualidad y la salud sexual en el adulto mayor. Metodología: Se realizaron 5 grupos focales en Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali y Medellín donde participaron 19 profesionales de la salud de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva. Resultados: Los profesionales de la salud reconocen la sexualidad como un aspecto importante en la prestación de los servicios de salud en las personas mayores, a pesar de la invisibilidad actual del tema en la atención médica. Reconocen la complejidad de hablar sobre sexualidad en la interacción médico-paciente, en parte por la falta de entrenamiento de los profesionales de la salud y por las propias inhibiciones de los pacientes. Discusión: Persisten obstáculos sociales y teóricos para abordar los temas de sexualidad en consulta, al igual que diferencias de género para el tratamiento de temas de sexualidad y salud sexual. Conclusiones: Los prestadores de servicios de salud son claves para remover barreras a la atención, acompañamiento y comprensión de la salud sexual y la sexualidad de las personas mayores.

Introduction: The sexuality and sexual health of older people is an invisible dimension in the provision of health services. Therefore, it is important to know the perceptions and difficulties of health personnel to provide this care. Objective: To identify differences and similarities in the perception that health service providers in Colombia have about sexuality and sexual health in the elderly. Methodology: A total of 5 focus groups were held in Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali and Medellín with the participation of 19 health professionals from an institution that provides sexual and reproductive health services. Results: Health professionals recognize sexuality as an important aspect in the provision of health services in the elderly, despite the current invisibility of the issue in medical care. They recognize the complexity of talking about sexuality in the doctor-patient interaction, partly due to the lack of training of health professionals, and due to the patients' own inhibitions. Discussion: Social and theoretical obstacles persist to address sexuality issues in consultation, as well as gender differences for the treatment of sexuality and sexual health issues. Conclusions: Health service providers are key to removing barriers to care, accompaniment and understanding of the sexual health and sexuality of the elderly.

Determinants of Premarital Sexual Behavior Among the Late Adolescents in Pahang, Malaysia

@#Introduction: Premarital sexual behaviour remains an important sexual and reproductive health issue among adolescents in Malaysia. It is also a prohibited act and considered sinful among the Muslims community. This study aimed to identify the determinants of premarital sexual behaviour among the late adolescents age group in Pahang, Malaysia. Methods: An observational study was conducted among eligible late adolescents, which were recruited using probability sampling method. Only those aged 18 to19 years old, and previously attended the public secondary schools in Malaysia were included, with non-Malaysian, married and those who were absent during the data collection day were excluded. Data was collected using a valid and reliable set of questionnaires measuring the personal (demographic profile, knowledge and attitude), behavioural (premarital sexual behaviour and high-risk activities) and environmental (subjective norms and perceived parental communication) factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of premarital sexual behaviour. Results: A total of 390 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years old participated in this study, with 82.3% of respondents reported never had premarital sexual behaviour. Multiple logistic regression showed that the male and engagement in high-risk activities had higher odds in premarital sexual behaviour respectively (AOR =11.649, 95% CI: 3.615,37.536, p <0.001; AOR=19.224, 95% CI: 7.820,47.262, p <0.001). Conclusion: Male gender and engagement in high-risk activities remained important risk factors towards the ongoing concern related to premarital sexual behaviour among adolescents in Malaysia. Failure to address this issue should be explored and improve accordingly.

Factors associated with condom use behaviour among young university students / Fatores associados ao uso de camisinha entre jovens universitários / Factores asociados con el uso del condom entre jóvenes universitarios

As the rates of sexually transmitted infections among Brazilian youth rise, college students present with low rates of condom use. Understanding which factors affect preventive behaviours may assist in promoting them. This study aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a model of condom use behaviour among young university students. Data on sexual behaviour, TPB, and personality variables were collected online with 343 sexually active students aged between 18 and 29. Seventy participants also provided follow-up data after 30 days. Structural equation models and ordinal regressions were used to analyse the effects of TPB variables on condom use behaviour. Attitude was the main predictor of behavioural intention in the cross-sectional and longitudinal models. Being in a relationship and lower age at sexual debut were also associated with less frequent condom use behaviour in the cross-sectional analysis. Behavioural intention and perceived control were associated with condom use behaviour. (AU)

Enquanto a incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis cresce entre jovens brasileiros, universitários apresentam pouco uso de preservativos. Compreender quais fatores afetam a adoção de comportamentos preventivos pode auxiliar na sua promoção. Esse estudo testou a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) como modelo de uso de camisinha entre jovens universitários. Foram coletados dados sobre comportamento sexual, TCP, e personalidade em questionário online com 343 estudantes sexualmente ativos entre 18 e 29 anos de idade. Setenta participantes também responderam ao follow-up após 30 dias. Modelos de equações estruturais e regressões ordinais foram usados para analisar os efeitos das variáveis da TCP no uso de preservativo. Atitude foi o principal preditor da intenção comportamental nos modelos transversal e longitudinal. Estar em um relacionamento e menor idade na primeira relação sexual também foram associados a uso menos frequente de preservativo na análise transversal. Intenção comportamental e controle percebido foram associados com uso de preservativo. (AU)

Mientras la incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual aumenta entre los jóvenes brasileños, los estudiantes universitarios reportan poco uso de preservativos. Comprender qué factores inciden en la adopción de conductas preventivas puede ayudar en su promoción. Este estudio probó la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado (TCP) como modelo de uso de preservativos entre jóvenes universitarios. Los datos sobre comportamiento sexual, TCP y personalidad fueron recopilados en un cuestionario en línea con 343 estudiantes sexualmente activos entre 18 y 29 años. Setenta participantes también respondieron al seguimiento después de 30 días. Se utilizaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales y regresiones ordinales para analizar los efectos de las variables de TCP sobre la utilización del condón. La actitud fue el principal predictor de la intención en los modelos transversal y longitudinal. Estar en una relación y una edad más temprana en la primera relación sexual se asociaron con el uso menos frecuente de preservativo en el análisis transversal. La intención conductual y el control percibido se asociaron con el uso de condones. (AU)

Factors associated with risky sexual behaviour among clients undertaking HIV testing and counselling services at a secondary referral hospital Lagos, Nigeria

Background: This study determined the prevalence of risky sexual behaviour and its associated factors among clients who accessed HIV counselling and testing services at a secondary referral hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective review of clients' records was conducted. The Client Intake Form of people who accessed HIV counselling and testing services at Mainland Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria between July 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, were reviewed. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the associated factors of risky sexual behaviour. Results: A total of 4273 client's records were analyzed, 3884 (90.9%) reported having sex before HIV counselling and testing (HCT). The prevalence of risky sexual behaviour among clients was 41.5%. More males and HIV positive clients had unprotected sex with a casual partner three months before HIV counselling and testing (p < 0.05). More singles than the married had unprotected sex with casual partners (p <0.001) and multiple sexual partners (p =0.002). The prevalence of risky sexual behaviour reduced with advancing age. Being single and having an HIV infection were associated with risky sexual behaviour in this study. Conclusion: Age, marital status and HIV status were associated factors of risky sexual behaviour

Contexts, beliefs and health behaviour: Are individuals who engage in risky sexual behaviour likely to wear face-masks against COVID-19?

and availability of sanitation facilities, individual health beliefs and behaviour are critical in combating the sustained prevalence of Covid-19. Behaviour has, however, been shown to be consistent but could be context-dependent based on the individual's beliefs. To investigate whether or not individuals' protective behaviour against coronavirus is associated with their behaviour in a previous health context. Facemask usage and engagement in risky sexual behaviour (RSB) were employed as corollaries of Covid-19 protective behaviour and a previous health context respectively. Data on them and other sociodemographic correlates of health behaviour were collected on 522 Nigerians via a web-based survey. The data were analyzed using frequency, Chi Square and Binary Logistics Regression. About 31% of the population wore facemasks in public, 48.1% believed Covid existed and was severe, and 31.6% had engaged in RSB. Individuals who engaged in RSB had lower odds of wearing facemasks in public in both the general population and across the rural-urban divide. The relationship was, however, only statistically significant (OR:0.642, p<0.05) in the adjusted regression model. Other significant determinants of facemask use were gender, place of residence, employment status and beliefs about Covid. The similarity of individual beliefs and behaviours in different health contexts provides an opportunity to model behaviour change communication policies for preventing and combating the spread of coronavirus and other infectious diseases

Sexual behaviours and their associated factors among young people in the Dodowa Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (DHDSS) in Ghana

Objective: This paper describes sexual behaviours and their associated factors among young people. Design: The study design is cross-sectional. Setting: Dodowa Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (DHDSS) in Ghana's Shai-Osudoku and Ningo Prampram districts. Participants: Young people aged 10 to 24 years, median age 17 years. Outcome measures: Self-reported to have ever had sex, non-use of a condom at last sex, and ever been pregnant or gotten someone pregnant. Results: Of the 1689 young people; 42% reported having ever had sex, not using a condom at last sexual activity (64%), and ever been pregnant or gotten someone pregnant (41%). The proportion of non-use of condoms at last sex was high across all age groups but was highest (93%) in a small proportion of 10 to 14-year-olds who have ever had sex. Higher proportions of females than males; were reported to have ever had sex (46%), not using a condom at their last sex (66%) and ever been pregnant or getting someone pregnant (56%). Age group (20 to 24), females, primary or junior high school, living alone and lower household socio-economic status were risk factors associated with all three outcome measures. Conclusion: Risky sexual behaviour is high among young people in the Dodowa HDSS. Therefore, interventions that promote safer sexual practices and help young people make timely decisions on their sexual and reproductive health care needs are required.

Revisión de casos, series de casos y estudios de prevalencia de zoofilia en la población general / Review of cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in the general population

RESUMEN Introducción: El conocimiento de la frecuencia de comportamientos zoofílicos en la población general es escaso. Objetivo: Revisar casos, series de casos y estudios de prevalencia de zoofilia en adultos de la población general. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos de MEDLINE, a través de PubMed, Scopus y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud de publicaciones desde enero de 2000 hasta diciembre de 2017. Resultados: Se revisaron 13 trabajos (10 informes de casos, 2 series de casos y 1 estudio transversal). Entre los casos se describió a 12 pacientes; las series de casos sumaron a 1.556 personas y el estudio transversal incluyó a 1.015 participantes e informó de una prevalencia de comportamientos zoofílicos del 2%. Conclusiones: Es escasa la información sobre la prevalencia de comportamientos zoofílicos en la población general. Es probable que internet permita investigar mejor estos comportamientos en los próximos años.

ABSTRACT Background: Information about the frequency of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is scarce. Objective: To review cases, case series and prevalence studies of zoophilia in adults in the general population. Methods: A review of publications was carried out in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and the Biblioteca Virtual en Salud [Virtual Health Library] ranging from January 2000 to December 2017. Results: Thirteen papers were reviewed (ten case reports, two case series and one cross-sectional study). Twelve patients were described, the case series totalled 1,556 people and the cross-sectional study included 1,015 participants and reported a prevalence of zoophilic behaviour of 2%. Conclusions: Information on the prevalence of zoophilic behaviour in the general population is limited. The Internet will probably be a valuable tool for further investigating these behaviours in coming years.

Hypersexuality In A Rape Victim Child

@#Hypersexuality is rare in children. Our case describes a 14-year-old girl who presented with a history suggestive of hypersexuality. She was repeatedly raped and exposed to video pornography at a very young age. Consequently, she became addicted to pleasure during sexual intercourse and actively involved in multiple unprotected sexual intercourses. Management, in this case, was challenging, where early intervention with contraceptive methods and cognitive behavioural therapy were unsuccessful. Subsequently, alternative treatment with Islamic psycho-spiritual therapy combined with conventional therapy resulted in an improvement in her sexual pre-occupation. This case highlights the importance of recognition of hypersexuality, especially among children with a history of sexual abuse as management proofs to be challenging, and requires a multimodal approach to prevent a potentially devastating outcome.

Quantification of Sexual Behaviour Traits in Presence of Teaser Male in Relation to Libido and Semen Quality in Buffalo Bull

Screening and selecting bulls for desirable reproductive traits and high libido is known to improve the reproductive performance of the herd. Evaluation of sexual behaviour and semiogram is very useful in demarcating the high fertility bulls. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to quantify the sexual behaviour in presence of male teaser in relation to semen quality in buffalo bulls. Bulls were categorized into two groups (high and low libido) on the basis of reaction time. The average duration of first licking of prepucial area was significantly (p<0.05) lower in high libido bulls as compared to low libido bulls. The average frequency and overall duration of licking of prepucial area until ejaculation in high libido buffalo bulls was significantly (p<0.05) lower as compared to low libido bulls. The average time lag to show flehmen response following sniffing and licking the prepucial area and urine of teaser male was similar (p>0.05) in high and low libido buffalo bulls. The average chin resting time were similar (p>0.05) in high and low libido buffalo bulls. Individual sperm motility (%) and viability (%) was found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in high than the low libido bulls. Sperm abnormality (%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in low libido bulls. Therefore, it can be concluded that breeding buffalo bulls can be demarcated for high libido based on quantification of sexual behaviour traits in relation to semen picture

Sexual behaviour among rural women in Ondo state, Nigeria: do cultural and gender norms matter?

Background: The issues of sexual behaviour that increase risk of a negative outcome among women have been debated. This paper explored the influence of cultural and gender norms on sexual behaviour among rural childbearing married women in Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.Methods: The study utilized exploratory study design and purposively recruited 394 and 30 childbearing married women for quantitative and qualitative studies, respectively through which data were generated. The analyses were carried out with Stata software (version 13.0) for quantitative data using descriptive and chi-square statistics, while thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data.Results: About two-third of the respondents did not use contraceptive methods, which was a significant predictor of unplanned pregnancies among the women at p<0.05. Alluding to cultural preference of children and male roles in sexual behaviours, the qualitative data revealed that desire for large family sizes by partners, cultural norms, men’s superiority on sexual matters and partners’ disapproval of contraceptive usage predict women’s inability to negotiate sex with partners.Conclusions: Therefore, risk reduction strategies aimed at enlightening childbearing married women on their imperative positions in sexual relationships within marriages should be initiated to facilitate the achievement of sustainable development goals should be intensifieb

Sexual matters among teenagers

In the complex developmental period of puberty, adolescents experience biophysical changes and adapt to societal and cultural expectations of adulthood. Development of their sexuality is an important biopsychosocial change during this period that, when neglected, may result in unmet sexual and reproductive health needs. Patterns of behaviour in adolescence have repercussions across the lifespan. HEADSSS (home, education/employment/eating, activities, drugs, sexuality, sleep, suicide/depression and safety) is a systematic clinical screening tool for use with adolescents. Adolescents may view risk-seeking lifestyle patterns as appropriate behaviours, and physicians can help them recognise the risks and develop less harmful alternatives and strategies. Personal biases should not affect healthcare providers' duty to respect the rights of adolescents and ability to provide developmentally appropriate care. Healthcare professionals should be familiar with the relevant legal statutes in Singapore and refer suspected sexual abuse or violence, risk of self-harm, teenage pregnancy, newly diagnosed sexual transmitted infections or multiple risk-seeking behaviours for further evaluation and help.

Courtship activity, copulation & insemination success in a mosquito vector fed a herbal aphrodisiac: Implications for sterile insect technology

Background & objectives: In sterile insect technology (SIT), mating competitiveness is a pre-condition for the reduction of target pest populations and a crucial parameter for judging efficacy. Still, current SIT trials are being hindered by decreased effectiveness due to reduced sexual performance of released males. Here, we explored the possible role of a herbal aphrodisiac in boosting the mating activity of Aedes aegypti. Methods: Males were fed one of two diets in this study: experimental extract of Eurycoma longifolia (MSAs) and sugar only (MSOs). Differences in life span, courtship latency, copulation activity and mating success were examined between the two groups. Results: No deaths occurred among MSA and MSO males. Life span of MSOs was similar to that of MSAs. The courtship latency of MSAs was shorter than that of MSOs (P<0.01). MSAs had greater copulation success than MSOs (P<0.001). In all female treatments, MSAs mated more than MSOs, but the differences in rate were significant only in the highest female density (P<0.05). In MSAs, mating success varied significantly with female density (P<0.01), with the 20-female group (P<0.01) having the lowest rate. Single MSA had better mating success at the two lowest female densities. In MSOs, there were no significant differences in mating success rate between the different female densities. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results suggested that the herbal aphrodisiac, E. longifolia, stimulated the sexual activity of Ae. aegypti and may be useful for improving the mating competitiveness of sterile males, thus improving SIT programmes.

Prevalencia de antecedentes sexuales de riesgo en mujeres privadas de libertad. Análisis exploratorio de factores asociados a comportamientos de alto riesgo / Prevalence of a history of risky sexual behaviours among women in jail. Exploratory analysis of factors associated with high risk behaviours

RESUMEN Objetivos: Describir prevalência de antecedentes de comportamientos sexuales de riesgo en reclusas de Concepción (Chile) en 2016, y realizar análisis exploratorio de factores asociados a conductas de riesgo. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo con análisis exploratorio, realizado en reclusas del complejo penitenciario El Manzano, con 18 años o más, pertenecientes al sistema cerrado carcelario y con inicio de actividad sexual. Muestreo por conveniencia. Se evaluaron antecedentes de conductas sexuales de riesgo, factores sociodemográficos, contexto familiar y estilos de vida. Se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y relativas para análisis descriptivo, y odds ratio para análisis de factores asociados. Resultados: Participaron 73 mujeres en privación de la libertad. El 60 % inició su actividad sexual antes de los 16 años y fue madre adolescente. Alrededor del 40 % tuvo relaciones sexuales bajo el efecto del alcohol o las drogas, y cerca del 20 % fue agredida sexualmente en algún momento de su vida. Cerca del 9 % refirió no ser fiel a sus parejas o estar pasando por un proceso de homosexualidad situacional. Las reclusas con > 6 conductas sexuales riesgosas mostraron mayor probabilidad de haber sufrido violencia intrafamiliar (OR = 3,57; IC 95 %: 1,05-12,11), consumir drogas (OR= 4,83; IC 95 %1,42-16,40) o alcohol (OR= 3,63; IC 95 %: 1,15-11,42). Sin embargo, pertenecer a una religión cristiana se asoció a menor probabilidad de comportamiento sexual de riesgo (OR = 0,26; IC 95 %: 0,07-0,90). Conclusión: Las principales conductas sexuales de riesgo fueron iniciar la actividad sexual antes de los 16 años y haber sido madre adolescente. Por otro lado, pertenecer a una ideología religiosa fue factor protector de este comportamiento sexual.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe the prevalence of a history of risky sexual behaviours among female prisoners in Concepción-Chile 2016, and to conduct an exploratory analysis of the factors associated with these risky behaviours. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with exploratory analysis, conducted in females held prisoners at the "El Manzano" Penitentiary Complex, 18 years of age or older, belonging to the closed jail system, and having already initiated sexual activity. Convenience sampling was used. A background history of risky sexual behaviours, sociodemographic factors, family context and life-style was assessed. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated for the descriptive analysis, and odds ratios for associated factors. Results: The participants were 73 women in jail. Of them, 60 % initiated their sexual activity before 16 years of age and were teenage mothers. Close to 40% had intercourse under the influence of alcohol or drugs, and close to 20% sexually assaulted at some point in their lives. Approximately 9 % reported not being faithful to their partners or being in a process of situational homosexuality. Prisoners with >6 risky sexual behaviours had a higher probability of having suffered family violence (OR = 3.57; 95 % CI 1.05-12.11), abused drugs (OR = 4.83; 95 % CI 1.42-16.40) or alcohol (OR = 3.63; 95 % CI 1.1511.42). However, belonging to a Christian religion was associated with a lower probability of risky sexual behaviours (OR = 0.26; 95 % CI 0.07-0.90). Conclusion: The main risky sexual behaviours included sexual activity initiation before 16 years of age, and teenage motherhood. On the other hand, affiliation to a religious ideology was protective from these sexual behaviours.

Autoconceito e práticas contraceptivas e sexuais em estudantes universitários / Self-concept and contraceptive and sexual practices amongst university students / Auto concepto y prácticas anticonceptivas y sexuales en estudiantes universitarios

Buscou-se investigar se as dimensões do autoconceito diferem de acordo com as práticas contraceptivas e sexuais de jovens universitários. Participaram 295 universitários, que responderam a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, conhecimentos e práticas contraceptivas e à Escala Fatorial de Autoconceito. Houve diferenças na dimensão ético-moral de acordo com o uso de contraceptivos, e nas dimensões atitude social, segurança e somático de acordo com a utilização do preservativo. As dimensões ético-moral e autocontrole apresentaram diferenças entre os jovens que relataram conversar com o parceiro, enquanto que a receptividade social diferiu de acordo com a idade da iniciação sexual. Conclui-se que o reforço de valores ético-morais e o desenvolvimento de habilidades interpessoais podem ser importantes para a adesão à contracepção entre jovens.

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between dimensions of self-concept and contraceptive and sexual practices amongst university youth. Participants were 295 university students, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire which also contained questions related to contraceptive knowledge and practices, and the Self-Concept Scale (EFA). There were associations between contraceptive use and the ethic moral dimension, as well as preservative, which also were associated with the ethic-moral, social attitude, security and somatic dimensions. Keeping contraceptive conversation with a partner was associated with the ethic-moral and self-control dimensions, whereas the age of sexual initiation was associated with social receptivity. Reinforcement of ethic-moral values and the development of interpersonal skills may be important factors underlying the adherence to contraception amongst university youth.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre las dimensiones del autoconcepto y las prácticas anticonceptivas y sexuales entre jóvenes universitarios. Participaron 295 universitarios, que respondieron a un cuestionario sobre datos sociodemográficos, conocimientos y prácticas anticonceptivas y la Escala Factorial de Autoconcepto. Los resultados mostraron asociaciones entre el uso de anticonceptivos y la dimensión ético-moral, así como el uso del preservativo, que también está relacionado con la actitud social, la seguridad, y la dimensión somática. Hablar con el compañero acerca de anticonceptivos se asoció con la dimensión ético-moral y de autocontrol, mientras que la edad de iniciación sexual se asoció con la receptividad social. Así, el fortalecimiento de los valores éticos y morales y el desarrollo de habilidades interpersonales pueden ser importantes para la adhesión a las prácticas anticonceptivas seguras entre los jóvenes.

Prevalencia de conductas sexuales de riesgo en estudiantes de primer año de pregrado de la universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile, 2016: estudio descriptivo / Prevalence of risky sexual behaviours among first-year undergraduate students at Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción-Chile, 2016: Descriptive study

RESUMEN Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de conductas sexuales de riesgo en adolescentes, y compararlas según sexo en una población universitaria en Chile. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, realizado en estudiantes de primer año de pregrado, matriculados en 2016, en una universidad privada ubicada en Concepción, Chile. Tamaño muestral: 328 sujetos; muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se midieron variables sociodemográficas, conductas sexuales de riesgo y otras conductas de caracterización sexual. Por otra parte, se compararon conductas sexuales de riesgo según sexo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, el análisis comparativo se realizó mediante Ji cuadrado o Exacto de Fisher. Resultados: Se estudiaron 107 mujeres y 77 hombres. Las principales conductas sexuales de riesgo fueron el inicio de la actividad sexual antes de los 18 años (88,31 %; 74,77 % respectivamente), haber tenido más de una pareja sexual (66,24 %; 53,27 % respectivamente) y una muy baja frecuencia del uso de preservativo durante la relación en mujeres (48 %). Al comparar las conductas por sexo se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres en la edad de inicio de la actividad sexual (p = 0,022), en el número de parejas sexuales (p = 0,008) y en el uso de preservativo (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los estudiantes adolescentes mostraron conductas sexuales de riesgo. Estos resultados dan luces sobre la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas públicas chilenas dirigidas a la población adolescente joven, sobre todo si se considera que dentro de los objetivos estratégicos de salud chilenos se encuentran la disminución del embarazo adolescente y de las infecciones de transmisión sexual.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the prevalence of risky sexual behaviours in adolescents and to make a comparison by sex in a population of undergraduate students in Chile. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in first-year undergraduate students enrolled in 2016 in a private university in Concepción-Chile. The sample size consisted of 328 subjects, and non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. The variables measured were sociodemographic characteristics, risky sexual behaviours and other sexual characterisation behaviours. On the other hand risky sexual behaviours were compared by sex. Descriptive statistics were used and the Chi square test or Fisher's exact test were used for the comparative analysis. Results: Overall, 107 women and 77 men were studied. The main risky sexual behaviours were initiation of sexual activity before 18 years of age (88.31 %; 74.77 %, respectively), having had more than one sexual partner (66.24 %; 53.27 %, respectively), and a very low frequency of preservative use during intercourse in women (48 %). Comparison of behaviours by sex showed statistically significant differences between men and women in terms of the age of initiation of sexual activity (p = 0.022), the number of sex partners (p = 0.008), and preservative use (p = 0.001). Conclusions: More than half of the adolescent students exhibited risky sexual behaviours. These results shed light on the need to strengthen public policy pertaining to the population of adolescents and young adults in Chile, in particular considering that reducing teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases is one of the strategic health goals in Chile.

Pregnancy recurrence in adolescents in Southern Brazil / Recorrência de gestação em adolescentes do extremo sul do Brasil

Summary Objective: To determine the pregnancy recurrence among adolescents and young people in a city located in the extreme south of Brazil and to identify associated factors. Method: One hundred and twelve (112) women participated, having delivered their children in 2010, while adolescents. The sample was stratified in two stages, being the first a census of the whole population of the city and the second a convenience sample. For statistical analysis, Pearson Chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The recurrence rate was 53.6%, with an average of 28.6 months. At the time of delivery, in 2010, recurrence was significantly associated with level of education (p=0.044) as well as not being in school (p=0.036). In 2014, the factors associated were level of education (p<0.001), transcript of grades (p=0.030) and income (p=0.030). Conclusion: Recurrence of teenage pregnancy represents a lack of importance given to formal education, a fact that mitigates the opportunities and hinders insertion in the labor market, creating a cycle of social inequality. Multidisciplinary efforts involving schools, health services and the youth in educational activities are thus vital, aiming at critical thinking to transform reality.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar a recorrência de gravidez em adolescentes de um município no extremo sul do Brasil e identificar os fatores associados. Método: Participaram 112 mulheres que tiveram filho em 2010, quando eram adolescentes. A amostra foi estudada em dois estágios, sendo no primeiro por meio de um censo do município e no segundo por uma seleção de conveniência. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A taxa de recorrência de gravidez encontrada foi de 53,6% com tempo médio de 28,6 meses. No momento do parto, em 2010, estiveram significativamente associados à recorrência a escolaridade (p=0,044) e o fato de não estar estudando (p=0,036). Em 2014, foram a escolaridade (p<0,001), o histórico escolar (p=0,030) e a renda (p=0,030). Conclusão: A recorrência de gravidez na adolescência representa a pouca valorização da educação formal, o que mitiga a vivência de oportunidades e dificulta a inserção no mercado de trabalho, criando um ciclo de desigualdade social. É imprescindível unir esforços multidisciplinares nas escolas e nos serviços de saúde, em conjunto com os jovens, em ações educativas que visem a uma relação crítica reflexiva transformadora da realidade.

Prevalência de dispareunia na gravidez e fatores associados / The prevalence of dyspareunia in pregnancy and associated factors

Objetivos: verificar a prevalência de dispareunia no terceiro trimestre gestacional e fatores associados. Métodos: foram avaliadas 202 puérperas. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados um questionário sociodemográfico; questionário ICIQ-Short Form; questionário de constipação intestinal e, para a avaliação da dispareunia foram utilizadas as questões do questionário FSFI. Os dados foram analisados com os testes qui quadrado, U de Mann Whitney e teste de Wilcoxon, p<0,05. Resultados: a prevalência de dispareunia no 3º trimestre gestacional foi de 48,5 por cento (n=98), enquanto antes da gestação era de 15,3 por cento (n=31). Os fatores associados à dispareunia nesse período foram: constipação no terceiro trimestre da gestação (p=0,05); incontinência urinária no terceiro trimestre da gestação (p<0,001) e dispareunia antes da gestação (p=0,01). A média de idade das mulheres com dispareunia foi significativamente maior que as sem dispareunia (p=0,01). Conclusões: a prevalência da dispareunia é alta no período gestacional e esta associada a alterações das funções do assoalho pélvico, como presença de incontinência urinária e constipação, além da presença prévia de dispareunia.

Objectives: to establish the prevalence of dyspareunia in the third gestational trimester and associated factors. Methods: 202 puerperal women were evaluated. Data was collected using a socio-demographic questionnaire; the ICIQ-Short Form questionnaire; an intestinal constipation questionnaire;and, questions from the FSFI questionnaire to evaluate dyspareunia. The data were analyzed using the chi-squared, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests, p<0.05. Results: the prevalence of dyspareunia in the third gestational trimester was 48.5 percent (n=98), compared with 15.3 percent (n=31) before gestation. The factors associated with dyspareunia in this period were: constipation in the third trimester of gestation (p=0.05); urinary incontinence in the third trimester of gestation (p<0.001) and dyspareunia prior to gestation (p=0.01). The mean age of women with dyspareunia was significantly higher than that of those without dyspareunia (p=0.01). Conclusions: the prevalence of dyspareunia is high during gestation and is associated with alterations in the functions of the pelvic saddle, such as the presence of urinary incontinenceand constipation, and prior dyspareunia.

Evaluation of the Influence of Experimental Periodontitis on the Sexual Behaviour of Male Wistar Rats.

Aim: Few studies have been reported a correlation between periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction in men. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sexual behaviour of adult male rats with experimental periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Fourteen male rats were divided into the following two groups: non-ligature, control (n = 7) and experimental with ligature (n = 7). The latter group had a ligature placed around each lower first molar for the development of experimental periodontitis. After 29 days of induction of periodontitis, the sexual behaviour of the male rats was recorded between 20:00-21:00, with lighting provided by a dim light. Initially, the males were placed in an observation cage for an adaption period of 900 seconds. After this time, a sexually receptive female was introduced into the cage with the male. On the thirtieth day the rats were sacrificed and samples of hemimandible were collected for radiographic analysis. Results: The rats in the ligature group showed a decrease (p < 0.05) in the intrusion frequency compared with the control group and ejaculation was not observed in the ligature group during the maximum recording time. It was confirmed that periodontitis was induced in the group with ligature due to the greater distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar crest in the radiographic analysis (p <0.01). Conclusion: Experimental periodontitis may contribute to a reduction in the sexual behaviour of male rats.

Prevalencia de uso de condón en todas las relaciones sexuales con penetración durante los últimos doce meses y factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 26 años / Prevalence of condom use in all sexual intercourse and associated factors during the last twelve months in public college students aged 18-26

El conocimiento de las prácticas sexuales en los adultos jóvenes es necesario para ejecutar acciones preventivas enfocadas a la disminución de embarazos no planeados y enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de uso de condón en todas las relaciones sexuales con penetración durante los últimos doce meses y factores asociados en estudiantes universitarios entre 18 y 26 años de edad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, en estudiantes universitarios, el tamaño de la muestra fue de 468 participantes, la información se recolectó por medio de un cuestionario auto-diligenciable. Resultados: El 50,6% de la población era de género masculino, la edad media de toda la población fue 21,3±2,3 años. El porcentaje de personas que usaron condón en todas las relaciones sexuales con penetración durante los últimos doce meses fue de 35,3% (IC95% 30,8% - 39,7%); al realizar asociaciones se encontró que no haber tenido enfermedades de transmisión sexual (O.R. 4,45 I.C. 95% 2,07.9, 58) muestra asociación y se mantiene al realizar los ajustes en el modelo multivariado. Conclusiones: La población estudiada presenta porcentaje bajo de uso de condón en todas las relaciones sexuales durante los últimos doce meses, ello evidencia la necesidad de fortalecer acciones en salud que permitan la sistematización de medidas de prevención y tratamiento para aumentar el uso del preservativo en adultos jóvenes.

The knowledge of sexual practices in young adults is needed to implement preventive actions aimed at the reduction of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Objectives: To determine the prevalence of condom use in all sexual intercourse and associated factors during the last twelve months in public college students between 18 and 26 years old. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on college students. The sample size was 468 participants. The information was collected through a selfadministered questionnaire. Results: 50.6% of the population was male and the average age of the population was 21.3 ± 2.3. The percentage of people who used condoms in all sexual intercourse during the last twelve months was 35.3% (CI95% 30.8% - 39.7%). When making associations, it was found that not having had STDs (OR 4.45 CI95% 2,07.9,58) show association which remains when making adjustments in the multivariate model. Conclusions: The studied population show a low rate of condom use in all sexual relations during the last twelve months, which highlights the need to strengthen health actions that allow the systematization of prevention and treatment measures to increase condom use among young adults.

Community Factors Shaping Early Age at First Sex among Adolescents in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda.

Using data from the National Survey of Adolescents (2004), we examine the community-level factors associated with early age at first sex among adolescents 14-19 years old in four African countries. Regression models are fitted separately by sex for each country for an outcome measuring early age at first sex, with a focus on community-level factors as potential influences of age on sexual debut. The community-level factors associated with adolescents’ sexual debut vary widely by both country and gender. Community influences that emerge as risk or protective factors of early sexual debut include community levels of adolescent marriage, wealth, religious group affiliation, sex education, parental monitoring, reproductive health knowledge, media exposure, membership in adolescent social group, and use of alcohol. Results indicate the importance of context-specific understanding of adolescents’ sexual behaviour and suggest how elements of place should be harnessed in the development of effective HIV and sexual health interventions.